廣州九龍鎮(zhèn)蓮塘古村是廣東眾多歷史村鎮(zhèn)的一個(gè)代表，村內(nèi)古民居和古巷道老化損毀嚴(yán)重。隨著近10年鄉(xiāng)村城鎮(zhèn)化歷程的加速和住民生活程度的提高，古村已逐漸成為空心村，古村保護(hù)工作變得日益嚴(yán)重和龐大。

在蓮塘村的西門樓里，安坐著一群六十至九十歲不等的老伯，他們吸著紙煙靜坐，眼光追隨偶有的門外行者。他們勞作于斯，守望于斯，見證了蓮塘村綿延至今的點(diǎn)滴時(shí)候。你可以和他們談天，追尋當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史，也可以觀看地方傳統(tǒng)特色手工藝，又或者親自著手，體驗(yàn)采蓮興趣。

In the west gatehouse of Liantang Village, a group of men between the ages of60 and90 sat down with cigarettes and watched passersby outside. They were right here and worked here, watching time flies. You can chat with them, search for history, appreciate traditional local crafts, or try yourselves to enjoy the fun of picking lotus.

?蓮塘村刷新前現(xiàn)狀，liantang village before renovation

緣起
Origin

蘿崗區(qū)蓮塘村建村距今已有700多年歷史，是華南地區(qū)第一大姓陳氏族人從珠璣巷南遷的棲身村子，村內(nèi)歷史修建眾多，現(xiàn)仍保留有村頭的鎮(zhèn)南樓，村尾的鎮(zhèn)北樓(兩座樓為防盜之用，均被毀，僅留地基)；村東有陳彥約墓，陳彥約是宋朝陳姓入粵始祖之一；村中建有時(shí)四陳公祠、鴻佑家塾、羅祖家塾、小堂家塾、季昌書室和多間古商鋪等清代修建；古巷五條，劃分為：榮華里、人和里、中和里、平安里、長(zhǎng)安里，極具嶺南氣概等歷史性修建及古榕樹和近2萬(wàn)平方米的古村子。

Liantang Village in Luogang District has a long history of more than700 years. It is the residential village of Chen(the most popular surname in South China)who was removed from Zhuji Lane. Many historical buildings are still in the village, such as Zhennan Building at the entrance of the village, Zhenbei Building at the end of the village(both buildings are used for theft prevention, both destroyed, only foundations left), Chen Yan’s tomb at the east, who was one of the first ancestor of Chen moved to Guangdong in the Song Dynasty; Shisi Chen Ancestral Hall, Hongyou Family School, Luozu Family School, Xiaotang Family School, Jichang Bookstore and several ancient shops built in the Qing Dynasty;5 ancient lanes, Ronghuali, Renheli, Zhongheli, Ping’anli, Chang’anli, historical buildings with outstanding Lingnan style, an ancient banyan tree and an ancient village of nearly20,000 square meters.

?村內(nèi)歷史修建，historical buildings in the village

其中“時(shí)四陳公祠”建于清代光緒年間，其歷史與聞名的廣州陳家祠相當(dāng)。“在文化的迷茫浩淼前，人不外是棋子；這庭院的地這庭院的天，就是歷史和時(shí)間對(duì)弈的棋盤?！闭驹陟籼玫耐ピ豪?，感受幾百年的風(fēng)雨滄桑。村民們還會(huì)在祠堂廣場(chǎng)搭建戲臺(tái)，組織民俗展演、巡游和節(jié)慶等活動(dòng)。

Shisi Chen Ancestral Hall was built in the Qing Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Guangxu, with history comparable to the famous Chen Clan Academy, Guangzhou.“In a vast culture arena, people are just chesses; the earth and sky of the courtyard are the chessboard of history and time. ” Standing in the courtyard of the ancestral hall, you can feel the vicissitudes of hundreds of years. Villagers can also set up a stage in the ancestral hall, organize various activities such as folklore performances, cruises and festivals.

?祠堂廣場(chǎng)，the ancestral hall square

蓮塘村繞玄武山而建，負(fù)陰抱陽(yáng)，采取梳式結(jié)構(gòu)。祠堂背靠玄武山，前設(shè)水塘。玄武山與案山相連成通廊軸線，前有左輔右弼相依。蓮塘人幾百年來(lái)從不隨意砍伐他們的“背景”――玄武山的一草一木；不蓋房侵占祠堂門口的曠地；不填圍繞鄉(xiāng)村的蓮花塘；不在以祠堂為軸線的偏向上蓋屋子遮擋祠堂……這既是對(duì)土地發(fā)自心里的尊重，也是對(duì)環(huán)境中山水草木的敬畏。

Liantang Village was built around Xuanwu Mountain in comb style layout, with negative yin and positive yang. The ancestral hall sets back against Xuanwu Mountain, with a pond in front. The Xuanwu Mountain is connected with Anshan Mountain as the axis of the corridor, with the left and right sides facing each other. Liantang villagers have never arbitrarily cut down their“backer” ?C grass and trees of Xuanwu Mountain for hundreds of years; the open space at the entrance of the ancestral hall has not been occupied by houses; the lotus pond surrounding the village has not been filled; houses have not been built in the direction of the axis of the ancestral hall… It shows sincerely respect for the land and awe of the landscape.

?時(shí)四陳公祠，Shisi Chen Ancestral Hall

傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌和現(xiàn)代生活的多元化產(chǎn)品
Diversified Village Combined with Traditional Features and Contemporary Lifestyle

鑒于現(xiàn)狀村子環(huán)境漸呈頹勢(shì)，本項(xiàng)目堅(jiān)持“保護(hù)性開發(fā)，地域性創(chuàng)新”的理念，即在刷新中，優(yōu)先注重保護(hù)蓮塘村具有歷史特色的村子環(huán)境和風(fēng)景良好的自然空間名目。修舊如舊的老宅是對(duì)歷史的致敬，原汁原味的鄉(xiāng)村生活是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的保留。同時(shí)，在挖掘和繼續(xù)地域鄉(xiāng)土文化中，以現(xiàn)代的設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)匯和審美要求，去解讀鄉(xiāng)土，締造相符傳統(tǒng)又有局部創(chuàng)新的蓮塘村新景觀。

In view of the gradual decline of the current village environment, the project adheres to the concept of“protective development, regional innovation”, that is, the priority of reconstruction is to protect the environment featuring historical characteristics and natural spatial layout with beautiful sceneries. Old houses reconstructed as the old are a tribute to the history, and the original country life is the preservation of tradition. Meanwhile, in the process of exploring and inheriting local cultures, we use modern design languages and aesthetic needs to interpret local cultures, creating a new landscape with tradition and partial innovations.

?圍繞鄉(xiāng)村的蓮花塘，the lotus pond surrounding the village

?蓮花塘周邊景觀概覽，the landscape around the lotus pond

在詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)手法上，遵從以下原則，即鄉(xiāng)土風(fēng)情、傳統(tǒng)元素、現(xiàn)代手法、手工痕跡。在設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容上，弘揚(yáng)傳統(tǒng)民俗文化，搭建戲臺(tái)和祠堂廣場(chǎng)，以便組織民俗展演、巡游和節(jié)慶等活動(dòng)，通過(guò)深入挖掘文化內(nèi)在如長(zhǎng)老會(huì)等，突出古村的文化特征，展示具有地方傳統(tǒng)特色手工藝、荷塘采摘、節(jié)慶習(xí)慣，書院祠堂等的原真性文化，為古村的旅游增添人文氣息。在工程設(shè)計(jì)上，本項(xiàng)目在舊質(zhì)料采取利用，以及石拱橋壘砌組織，尚有荷塘水質(zhì)凈化措施等方面，舉行了研究創(chuàng)新，實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活在優(yōu)質(zhì)的自然環(huán)境中大放異彩。

For design technique, it obeys following principles: local customs, traditional elements, modern techniques and handicraft techniques. For design content, it promotes traditional cultures and sets up stage in the ancestral hall so as to organize activities such as folklore performances, cruises and festivals; highlights local traditional characteristics of the village by deeply exploring cultural connotations to add a humanistic atmosphere to the village, such as handicrafts, lotus picking, festival customs, ancestral hall. For engineering design, it makes research and innovation on recycling and utilization of old materials, stone arch bridge piling and water purification measures of lotus ponds to achieve brilliant rural life in a high-quality natural environment.

?親程度臺(tái)，platform by the side of the pond

?通向岸邊的道路，steps to the shore

?墻體磚砌細(xì)部，wall masonary details

?毗鄰蓮塘兩側(cè)的石橋，stone bridge connecting both side of the pond

?大榕樹下的石橋，stone bridge under thebig banyan tree

?橋洞細(xì)部，details

傳統(tǒng)嶺南水鄉(xiāng)特色的保留
The Preservation of Characteristics of Traditional Lingnan Water Village

最大程度保留蓮塘村的修建原貌，作適當(dāng)修復(fù)；增建古戲臺(tái)、洗衣臺(tái)、青磚毛石矮墻，重現(xiàn)古村的生活場(chǎng)景；以現(xiàn)代石材干掛技術(shù)，重修具嶺南特色的古石橋；挖掘利用原有的磚瓦草木、旗桿夾石、功名碑、石缽石凳，使其煥發(fā)新的生命力；植被豐富，遍植果樹、嶺南草木花卉，滿池蓮花香氣襲人；同時(shí)保留見證蓮塘村建村歷史的古榕樹，更深遠(yuǎn)的意義則是我們對(duì)于締造古村故事的考慮。

The original structure of Liantang Village has been preserved to the maximum extent so as to be restored appropriately; ancient stage, laundry table, blue brick and stone low walls have been built to recall the scene of the ancient village; ancient stone bridge with Lingnan characteristics has been built with modern stone hanging technology; original bricks, tiles, grasses, trees, flagpoles, stone monuments, stone slabs and stone benches have been used to make them vigorous; trees, grasses and flowers have been planted, a pond of lotuses are aromas; while an ancient banyan tree has been preserved to witness the history of the village. The most profound is how to tell the story of the village.

?修復(fù)后的祠堂廣場(chǎng)，the ancestral hall square after renovation

蓮塘古村具有良好的自然風(fēng)水名目，設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)深入挖掘自然資本及場(chǎng)所精神，保護(hù)珍貴的村子山水名目，為村民提供文化發(fā)生的舞臺(tái)，從而促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村自然文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)與開發(fā)； 為游客提供鄉(xiāng)村生活體驗(yàn)與自然風(fēng)景體驗(yàn)游線，能有用地轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)傳統(tǒng)文化與自然資本的保護(hù)意義，共建生長(zhǎng)與保護(hù)可以也必須協(xié)調(diào)舉行的社會(huì)團(tuán)體意識(shí)。

The village features good natural layout of Feng Shui. The design explores natural resources and spirits of space, protects precious landscape of the village, provides villagers with a stage to promote the protection and development of the natural and cultural rural heritage; enables tourists to enjoy rural life and natural scenery that can effectively convey the significance of protecting traditional culture and natural resources; and builds a social collective consciousness that can be coordinated and developed.

?在小水池處遠(yuǎn)望祠堂廣場(chǎng)，looking far from the pool to theancestral hall square after renovation

一磚一瓦，人世煙火：一花一草，蓮塘美景。漫步古村，蝴蝶隱現(xiàn)花叢，龍眼果滿枝頭，或有陽(yáng)光溫順，淡淡掩飾著古老的麻石小巷；或遇微雨招喚，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴弦動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)下靜美。這就是故事發(fā)生的地方。

Bricks and tiles, earthly life: flowers and grass, beautiful lotus pond. Wandering in the village, you can see butterflies looming in the flowers, branches full of longan fruits, or soft sunshine lightly decorated with ancient masonry alleys; or occasionally raining in the countryside. This is where the story takes place.

?在祠堂廣場(chǎng)前追趕、玩耍的小朋友們，children chasing and playing in front of ancestral hall square

?兩個(gè)小女孩蹲在小水池旁捉蟲子，Two little girls kneeling beside the small pool

廣州市蘿崗區(qū)蓮塘村名村環(huán)境刷新工程，是貫徹廣州市“優(yōu)美鄉(xiāng)村”建設(shè)(14個(gè)市級(jí)樹模點(diǎn)之一)和“三舊”刷新的首指揮范點(diǎn)。該項(xiàng)目完成后，得到了社會(huì)各界的平等好評(píng)，當(dāng)?shù)卮迕衿降日J(rèn)可，省市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在多次視察觀光后給予了較高評(píng)價(jià)。先后獲“廣東省第二屆嶺南特色計(jì)劃與修建設(shè)計(jì)銀獎(jiǎng)”、“艾景獎(jiǎng)2021年度十佳景觀設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)?城市計(jì)劃設(shè)計(jì)”、“2014美居獎(jiǎng)天下最美旅游度假區(qū)第一名”等獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

The reconstruction project of the famous Liantang village, Luogang District, Guangzhou is the first demonstration site to implement the construction of“Beautiful Village”(one of the14 municipal demonstration sites)and reconstruction of the“Three Olds”. After completed, it has won praises from all walks of life, recognition by local villagers, high evaluations by provincial and municipal leaders after observations. It has won“Silver Award for the2nd Planning and Architectural Design with Lingnan Characteristics in Guangdong“, ” Idea-King Award for Annual Top10 Landscape Design Awards2014 ? Urban Planning and Design” and“1st Place of Meiju Prize ?C Resort Design”.

?總平面圖，site plan

項(xiàng)目信息
項(xiàng)目名稱：廣東廣州蓮塘古村保護(hù)與刷新設(shè)計(jì)
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：廣州市黃埔區(qū)九龍鎮(zhèn)
園地面積：55000 m2
設(shè)計(jì)單元：棕櫚設(shè)計(jì)有限公司
總設(shè)計(jì)師：張文英
項(xiàng)目賣力：肖星軍
技術(shù)賣力：黃文燁
重要參與人員：蘇春燕、鄭益毅、何銘謙、梁愷峰、馮勁誼、梁麗玲、陳樂(lè)樂(lè)

Project imformation
Project: The Protection and Reconstruction Planning Design for Liantang Village, Guangzhou
Location: Jiulong Town, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong
Site Area:55000 m2
Design: Palm Design Co., Ltd.
Chief Designer: Wenying Zhang
Design Director: Xingjun Xiao
Technical Director: Wenye Huang
Design Team: Chunyan Su, Yiyi Zheng, Mingqian He, Kaifeng Liang, Jinyi Feng, Liling Liang, Lele Chen